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Hyperprolactinemia(HPRL)

MedGen UID:
5698
Concept ID:
C0020514
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Hyperprolactinaemia; Hyperprolactinemias; Hypersecretion Syndrome, Prolactin; Inappropriate Prolactin Secretion; Inappropriate Prolactin Secretion Syndrome; Inappropriate Secretion Prolactin; Prolactin Hypersecretion Syndrome; Prolactin Secretion, Inappropriate; Prolactin, Inappropriate Secretion; Secretion Prolactin, Inappropriate; Secretion, Inappropriate Prolactin; Syndrome, Prolactin Hypersecretion
SNOMED CT: Hyperprolactinemia (237662005)
 
Related gene: PRLR
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005804
OMIM®: 176761; 615555

Definition

Hyperprolactinemia unrelated to pregnancy occurs in approximately 0.1 to 0.3% of the general population and may result in infertility, hypogonadism, and galactorrhea. Such nonphysiologic hyperprolactinemia is caused mainly by drugs or by tumors in the anterior pituitary gland, primarily prolactinomas (see 102200). However, 10 to 60% of patients with hyperprolactinemia who undergo MRI have normal findings (summary by Newey et al., 2013). Patients with hyperprolactinemia may also experience agalactia (Kobayashi et al., 2018). [from OMIM]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Giraldi E, Allen JW, Ioachimescu AG
Endocr Pract 2023 Jan;29(1):60-68. Epub 2022 Oct 18 doi: 10.1016/j.eprac.2022.10.004. PMID: 36270609
Starace M, Orlando G, Alessandrini A, Piraccini BM
Am J Clin Dermatol 2020 Feb;21(1):69-84. doi: 10.1007/s40257-019-00479-x. PMID: 31677111
Melmed S, Casanueva FF, Hoffman AR, Kleinberg DL, Montori VM, Schlechte JA, Wass JA; Endocrine Society
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011 Feb;96(2):273-88. doi: 10.1210/jc.2010-1692. PMID: 21296991

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Rusgis MM, Alabbasi AY, Nelson LA
Am J Health Syst Pharm 2021 May 6;78(10):862-871. doi: 10.1093/ajhp/zxab065. PMID: 33954421Free PMC Article
di Filippo L, Doga M, Resmini E, Giustina A
Pituitary 2020 Jun;23(3):314-321. doi: 10.1007/s11102-020-01041-3. PMID: 32219718
Andersen M, Glintborg D
Front Horm Res 2018;49:29-47. Epub 2018 Apr 5 doi: 10.1159/000486000. PMID: 29894997
Melmed S, Casanueva FF, Hoffman AR, Kleinberg DL, Montori VM, Schlechte JA, Wass JA; Endocrine Society
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011 Feb;96(2):273-88. doi: 10.1210/jc.2010-1692. PMID: 21296991
Bostwick JR, Guthrie SK, Ellingrod VL
Pharmacotherapy 2009 Jan;29(1):64-73. doi: 10.1592/phco.29.1.64. PMID: 19113797

Diagnosis

Chanson P, Maiter D
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019 Apr;33(2):101290. Epub 2019 Jul 10 doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2019.101290. PMID: 31326373
Vilar L, Vilar CF, Lyra R, Freitas MDC
Neuroendocrinology 2019;109(1):7-19. Epub 2019 Mar 20 doi: 10.1159/000499694. PMID: 30889571
Sansone A, Romanelli F, Sansone M, Lenzi A, Di Luigi L
Endocrine 2017 Jan;55(1):37-44. Epub 2016 May 4 doi: 10.1007/s12020-016-0975-9. PMID: 27145756
Capozzi A, Scambia G, Pontecorvi A, Lello S
Gynecol Endocrinol 2015 Jul;31(7):506-10. Epub 2015 Jul 6 doi: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1017810. PMID: 26291795
Melmed S, Casanueva FF, Hoffman AR, Kleinberg DL, Montori VM, Schlechte JA, Wass JA; Endocrine Society
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011 Feb;96(2):273-88. doi: 10.1210/jc.2010-1692. PMID: 21296991

Therapy

Rusgis MM, Alabbasi AY, Nelson LA
Am J Health Syst Pharm 2021 May 6;78(10):862-871. doi: 10.1093/ajhp/zxab065. PMID: 33954421Free PMC Article
di Filippo L, Doga M, Resmini E, Giustina A
Pituitary 2020 Jun;23(3):314-321. doi: 10.1007/s11102-020-01041-3. PMID: 32219718
Capozzi A, Scambia G, Pontecorvi A, Lello S
Gynecol Endocrinol 2015 Jul;31(7):506-10. Epub 2015 Jul 6 doi: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1017810. PMID: 26291795
van Die MD, Burger HG, Teede HJ, Bone KM
Planta Med 2013 May;79(7):562-75. Epub 2012 Nov 7 doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1327831. PMID: 23136064
Bostwick JR, Guthrie SK, Ellingrod VL
Pharmacotherapy 2009 Jan;29(1):64-73. doi: 10.1592/phco.29.1.64. PMID: 19113797

Prognosis

Zhang CD, Ioachimescu AG
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2024 Sep;53(3):409-419. Epub 2024 Jun 18 doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2024.05.004. PMID: 39084816
Auriemma RS, Pirchio R, Pivonello R, Colao A
Maturitas 2021 Sep;151:36-40. Epub 2021 Jul 3 doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.06.014. PMID: 34446277
Chanson P, Maiter D
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019 Apr;33(2):101290. Epub 2019 Jul 10 doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2019.101290. PMID: 31326373
Mazziotti G, Frara S, Giustina A
Endocr Rev 2018 Aug 1;39(4):440-488. doi: 10.1210/er.2018-00005. PMID: 29684108
Vander Borght M, Wyns C
Clin Biochem 2018 Dec;62:2-10. Epub 2018 Mar 16 doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.03.012. PMID: 29555319

Clinical prediction guides

Puglia LT, Lowry J, Tamagno G
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023;14:1269781. Epub 2023 Nov 21 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1269781. PMID: 38075075Free PMC Article
Gierach M, Bruska-Sikorska M, Rojek M, Junik R
Endokrynol Pol 2022;73(6):959-967. doi: 10.5603/EP.a2022.0075. PMID: 36621922
Matheson E, Bain J
Am Fam Physician 2019 Aug 1;100(3):168-175. PMID: 31361105
Borba VV, Zandman-Goddard G, Shoenfeld Y
Front Immunol 2018;9:73. Epub 2018 Feb 12 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00073. PMID: 29483903Free PMC Article
Sansone A, Romanelli F, Sansone M, Lenzi A, Di Luigi L
Endocrine 2017 Jan;55(1):37-44. Epub 2016 May 4 doi: 10.1007/s12020-016-0975-9. PMID: 27145756

Recent systematic reviews

Brand BA, Willemse EJM, Hamers IMH, Sommer IE
Curr Psychiatry Rep 2023 Nov;25(11):723-733. Epub 2023 Oct 21 doi: 10.1007/s11920-023-01460-6. PMID: 37864676Free PMC Article
Lisa B, Arno V, Christophe B, Heyning Paul V, Carlien H
Pituitary 2023 Oct;26(5):529-537. Epub 2023 Aug 7 doi: 10.1007/s11102-023-01337-0. PMID: 37544978
Cai L, Chen G, Yang H, Bai Y
Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2023 Jul 1;38(4):249-260. Epub 2023 Mar 13 doi: 10.1097/YIC.0000000000000449. PMID: 36947416
Lu Z, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Guo L, Liao Y, Kang Z, Feng X, Yue W
Transl Psychiatry 2022 Jul 5;12(1):267. doi: 10.1038/s41398-022-02027-4. PMID: 35790713Free PMC Article
van Die MD, Burger HG, Teede HJ, Bone KM
Planta Med 2013 May;79(7):562-75. Epub 2012 Nov 7 doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1327831. PMID: 23136064

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